CamMark A Camcorder Copy Simulator
Background
In 1998, Petitcolas et al. proposed StirMark as a benchmark for image watermarking schemes. The main idea was to introduce a re-sampling process that mimics the analog process of printing and scanning a watermarked image.
For digital video, the corresponding concept is a camcorder copy, where a video displayed on a screen is (digitally) recorded using a video camera. As most commercial video streaming systems (VOD, IPTV) and offline distribution (Blu-ray, HDDs for cinemas) are strongly protected by means of DRM, filming a display is actually a relevant use case and a requirement for robust video watermarking systems to survive.
About CamMark
CamMark is a tool to simulate effects of a camcorder copy. Our goal is to support watermark design by enabling automated test cases for camcorder copy attacks, as well as to provide a benchmark for robust video watermarking. For both applications, manually creating camcorder copies is a cumbersome process, and even more problematic, it is hardly reproducible with the same setup.
By re-sampling each video frame, we thus simulate the typical artifacts of a camcorder capturing: geometric modifications (aspect ratio changes, cropping, perspective and lens distortion), temporal modifications (unsynchronized frame rates and the resulting frame blending), sub-sampling (rescaling, filtering, Bayer color array filter), and histogram changes (AGC, AWB). We also support simulating camera movement (e.g., a hand-held camera) and background insertion.